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July 5, 2022
Canada (English and French Canada, English pronunciation [ˈkʰænədə], French pronunciation [canada]) is the second largest country in the world (9.98 million square kilometers), located in the northern part of North America. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean (north), the Atlantic (east), the USA (south and northwest), and the Pacific Ocean (west). Canada was created in a land inhabited by Indians and Inuit as a union of British overseas territories and colonies, some of which were previously part of the French colonial empire. It gained independence from Great Britain peacefully with the British North America Act of 1867 and the Canada Act of 1982. Canada is a federation of ten provinces and three federal territories. It is also a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the British monarch, it is the last link with the former center of colonization. Canada defines itself as a bilingual country (the official languages are English and French), in addition, for example, in the territory of Nunavut, the official language is the indigenous Inuit. It is a technically advanced country with extensive natural and mineral resources. Canada's economy is the tenth largest in the world, in the ranking of the human development index, Canada is thirteenth in the world. It is a member of the G8 and a free trade area with the United States and Mexico. The country has close political and economic relations with the US, with which it shares a long unguarded military border. It is the longest border between two countries in the world. The only other country that can meaningfully talk about a border with Canada is Denmark, from whose dependent territory - Greenland - Canada's Arctic islands are separated only by narrow straits and a short land border on the uninhabited Hans Island. Despite its vast area, Canada has a relatively small population of about 38 million people, and therefore a low population density. The capital of Canada is Ottawa, the most populous cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Canada is a founding member of NATO.